Bangladesh Core FHIR Implementation Guide
0.2.3 - Published by DGHS, MoHFW

Bangladesh Core FHIR Implementation Guide - Published by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: BDObservationProfile - Detailed Descriptions

Page standards status: Informative | Maturity Level: 1

Definitions for the bd-observation resource profile.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Elements Table
- Snapshot Elements Table

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Observation
Definition | Measurements and simple assertions made about a patient, device or other subject.
Short | Measurements and simple assertions
Comments | Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as laboratory reports, etc.
Control | 0..*
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | Vital Signs, Measurement, Results, Tests
Invariants | dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty()) dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()) dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()) dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty()) dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists()) obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present (`dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`) obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present (`value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`) obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present (dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()) obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present (value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty())
2. Observation.implicitRules
Definition | A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.
Short | A set of rules under which this content was created
Comments | Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.
Control | 0..1
Type | uri
Is Modifier | true because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. Observation.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
Summary | false
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
6. Observation.identifier
Definition | A unique identifier assigned to this observation.
Short | Business Identifier for observation
Note | This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control | 10..*
Type | Identifier
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
8. Observation.identifier.use
Definition | The purpose of this identifier.
Short | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
Comments | Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1 (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1` ) Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
Type | code
Is Modifier | true because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
10. Observation.identifier.value
Definition | The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.
Short | The value that is unique
Comments | If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
Control | 10..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Example | General: 123456
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
12. Observation.status
Definition | The status of the result value.
Short | registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Comments | This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.
Control | 1..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationStatus http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1 (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1` ) Codes providing the status of an observation.
Type | code
Is Modifier | true because This element is labeled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
14. Observation.category
Definition | Type of category A code that classifies the general type of observation being made.
Short | Classification of type of observation
Comments | E.g. vital, physical examination In addition to the required category valueset, this element allows various categorization schemes based on the owner’s definition of the category and effectively multiple categories can be used at once. The level of granularity is defined by the category concepts in the value set.
Control | 10..*
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from The codes SHOULD be taken from ObservationCategoryCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category|4.0.1 (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | false
Requirements | Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
16. Observation.code
Definition | Type of test/measurement Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation "name".
Short | Type of observation (code / type)
Comments | E.g., Hb, RBS, CBC All code-value and, if present, component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation.
Control | 1..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see LOINCCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes|4.0.1 (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation.
Alternate Names | Name
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
18. Observation.subject
Definition | Reference to Patient Profile The patient, or group of patients, location, or device this observation is about and into whose record the observation is placed. If the actual focus of the observation is different from the subject (or a sample of, part, or region of the subject), the `focus` element or the `code` itself specifies the actual focus of the observation.
Short | Who and/or what the observation is about
Comments | EX: http://mci.mcishr.dghs.gov.bd/api/v1/patients/98002412586 One would expect this element to be a cardinality of 1..1. The only circumstance in which the subject can be missing is when the observation is made by a device that does not know the patient. In this case, the observation SHALL be matched to a patient through some context/channel matching technique, and at this point, the observation should be updated.
Control | 10..1
Type | Reference(Patient, Group, Device, Location)
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Must Support Types | No must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
Summary | true
Requirements | Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
20. Observation.subject.reference
Definition | A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.
Short | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Comments | Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
Control | 10..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: ref-1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
22. Observation.subject.display
Definition | Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.
Short | Text alternative for the resource
Comments | This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
Control | 10..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
24. Observation.encounter
Definition | Reference to Patient Profile The healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which this observation is made.
Short | Healthcare event during which this observation is made
Comments | EX: uuid:34c38499-58ab-41e0-8e94-c3931491ad0e - bundle encounter uuid from local This will typically be the encounter the event occurred within, but some events may be initiated prior to or after the official completion of an encounter but still be tied to the context of the encounter (e.g. pre-admission laboratory tests).
Control | 10..1
Type | Reference(Encounter)
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter.
Alternate Names | Context
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
26. Observation.encounter.reference
Definition | A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.
Short | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Comments | Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
Control | 10..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: ref-1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
28. Observation.issued
Definition | Date/time result was issued The date and time this version of the observation was made available to providers, typically after the results have been reviewed and verified.
Short | Date/Time this version was made available
Comments | For Observations that don’t require review and verification, it may be the same as the `lastUpdated` time of the resource itself. For Observations that do require review and verification for certain updates, it might not be the same as the `lastUpdated` time of the resource itself due to a non-clinically significant update that doesn’t require the new version to be reviewed and verified again.
Control | 0..1
Type | instant
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
30. Observation.performer
Definition | Who was responsible for asserting the observed value as "true".
Short | Who is responsible for the observation
Control | 10..*
Type | Reference(Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Organization, CareTeam, Patient, RelatedPerson)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
32. Observation.performer.reference
Definition | A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.
Short | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Comments | Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
Control | 10..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: ref-1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
34. Observation.value[x]
Definition | Result value (Quantity, string, code, boolean, etc.) The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Choice of: Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.value[x]`. The slices areUnordered and Closed, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: type @ $this
36. Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity
Slice Name | valueQuantity
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | If numeric, must include UCUM unit An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Quantity, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Period, Ratio, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
38. Observation.value[x]:valueString
Slice Name | valueString
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | string, dateTime, boolean, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
40. Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept
Slice Name | valueCodeableConcept
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | CodeableConcept, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, time, Range
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
42. Observation.value[x]:valueBoolean
Slice Name | valueBoolean
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | boolean, dateTime, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
44. Observation.value[x]:valueInteger
Slice Name | valueInteger
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | integer, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
46. Observation.value[x]:valueRange
Slice Name | valueRange
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Range, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, time, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
48. Observation.value[x]:valueRatio
Slice Name | valueRatio
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Ratio, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
50. Observation.value[x]:valueSampledData
Slice Name | valueSampledData
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | SampledData, dateTime, boolean, string, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
52. Observation.value[x]:valueTime
Slice Name | valueTime
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | time, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
54. Observation.value[x]:valueDateTime
Slice Name | valueDateTime
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Period, Ratio, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
56. Observation.value[x]:valuePeriod
Slice Name | valuePeriod
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Period, dateTime, boolean, string, SampledData, Quantity, Ratio, integer, time, Range, CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
58. Observation.interpretation
Definition | Type of test/measurement A categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal.
Short | High, low, normal, etc.
Comments | E.g.: High, low, normal, etc Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result.
Control | 0..*
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from ObservationInterpretationCodes http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation|4.0.1 (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result.
Alternate Names | Abnormal Flag
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
60. Observation.method
Definition | Type of observation method Indicates the mechanism used to perform the observation.
Short | How it was done
Comments | E.g.: Technique, Total measurement Only used if not implicit in code for Observation.code.
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from For example codes, see ObservationMethods http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods|4.0.1 (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | In some cases, method can impact results and is thus used for determining whether results can be compared or determining significance of results.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
62. Observation.specimen
Definition | Specimen used for the observation The specimen that was used when this observation was made.
Short | Specimen used for this observation
Comments | Optional Should only be used if not implicit in code found in `Observation.code`. Observations are not made on specimens themselves; they are made on a subject, but in many cases by the means of a specimen. Note that although specimens are often involved, they are not always tracked and reported explicitly. Also note that observation resources may be used in contexts that track the specimen explicitly (e.g. Diagnostic Report).
Control | 0..1
Type | Reference(Specimen)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
64. Observation.referenceRange
Definition | Normal reference range Guidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range. Multiple reference ranges are interpreted as an "OR". In other words, to represent two distinct target populations, two `referenceRange` elements would be used.
Short | Provides guide for interpretation
Comments | Optional Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties.
Control | 0..*
Type | BackboneElement
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())) obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text (`low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`) obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text (low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists())
66. Observation.referenceRange.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Observation
2. Observation.identifier
Note | This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control | 1..?
Must Support | true
4. Observation.identifier.value
Control | 1..?
6. Observation.category
Definition | Type of category
Comments | E.g. vital, physical examination
Control | 1..?
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationCategoryCodes (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category` )
Must Support | true
8. Observation.code
Definition | Type of test/measurement
Comments | E.g., Hb, RBS, CBC
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from LOINCCodes (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes` )
Must Support | true
10. Observation.subject
Definition | Reference to Patient Profile
Comments | EX: http://mci.mcishr.dghs.gov.bd/api/v1/patients/98002412586
Control | 1..?
Must Support | true
12. Observation.subject.reference
Control | 1..?
Must Support | true
14. Observation.subject.display
Control | 1..?
Must Support | true
16. Observation.encounter
Definition | Reference to Patient Profile
Comments | EX: uuid:34c38499-58ab-41e0-8e94-c3931491ad0e - bundle encounter uuid from local
Control | 1..?
Must Support | true
18. Observation.encounter.reference
Control | 1..?
Must Support | true
20. Observation.issued
Definition | Date/time result was issued
22. Observation.performer
Control | 1..?
24. Observation.performer.reference
Control | 1..?
26. Observation.value[x]
Definition | Result value (Quantity, string, code, boolean, etc.)
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.value[x]`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: type @ $this
28. Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity
Slice Name | valueQuantity
Comments | If numeric, must include UCUM unit
Control | 0..1
Type | Quantity
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
30. Observation.value[x]:valueString
Slice Name | valueString
Control | 0..1
Type | string
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
32. Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept
Slice Name | valueCodeableConcept
Control | 0..1
Type | CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
34. Observation.value[x]:valueBoolean
Slice Name | valueBoolean
Control | 0..1
Type | boolean
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
36. Observation.value[x]:valueInteger
Slice Name | valueInteger
Control | 0..1
Type | integer
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
38. Observation.value[x]:valueRange
Slice Name | valueRange
Control | 0..1
Type | Range
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
40. Observation.value[x]:valueRatio
Slice Name | valueRatio
Control | 0..1
Type | Ratio
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
42. Observation.value[x]:valueSampledData
Slice Name | valueSampledData
Control | 0..1
Type | SampledData
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
44. Observation.value[x]:valueTime
Slice Name | valueTime
Control | 0..1
Type | time
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
46. Observation.value[x]:valueDateTime
Slice Name | valueDateTime
Control | 0..1
Type | dateTime
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
48. Observation.value[x]:valuePeriod
Slice Name | valuePeriod
Control | 0..1
Type | Period
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
50. Observation.interpretation
Definition | Type of test/measurement
Comments | E.g.: High, low, normal, etc
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationInterpretationCodes (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation` )
52. Observation.method
Definition | Type of observation method
Comments | E.g.: Technique, Total measurement
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationMethods (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods` )
54. Observation.specimen
Definition | Specimen used for the observation
Comments | Optional
56. Observation.referenceRange
Definition | Normal reference range
Comments | Optional

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be foundhere

0. Observation
Definition | Measurements and simple assertions made about a patient, device or other subject.
Short | Measurements and simple assertions
Comments | Used for simple observations such as device measurements, laboratory atomic results, vital signs, height, weight, smoking status, comments, etc. Other resources are used to provide context for observations such as laboratory reports, etc.
Control | 0..*
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | Vital Signs, Measurement, Results, Tests
Invariants | dom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (`contained.contained.empty()`) dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (`contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`) dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (`contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`) dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (`contained.meta.security.empty()`) dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (`text.`div`.exists()`) obs-6: dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present (`dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`) obs-7: If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present (`value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`)
2. Observation.id
Definition | The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.
Short | Logical id of this artifact
Comments | The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.
Control | 0..1
Type | id
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
4. Observation.meta
Definition | The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.
Short | Metadata about the resource
Control | 0..1
Type | Meta
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
6. Observation.implicitRules
Definition | A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.
Short | A set of rules under which this content was created
Comments | Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.
Control | 0..1
Type | uri
Is Modifier | true because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
8. Observation.language
Definition | The base language in which the resource is written.
Short | Language of the resource content
Comments | Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages (preferred to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages|4.0.1` ) A human language.
Additional Bindings | Purpose
AllLanguages | Max Binding
Type | code
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
10. Observation.text
Definition | A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.
Short | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
Comments | Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.
Control | 0..1
Type | Narrative
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | narrative, html, xhtml, display
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
12. Observation.contained
Definition | These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.
Short | Contained, inline Resources
Comments | This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.
Control | 0..*
Type | Resource
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | inline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
14. Observation.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
16. Observation.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
Summary | false
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
18. Observation.identifier
Definition | A unique identifier assigned to this observation.
Short | Business Identifier for observation
Note | This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control | 1..*
Type | Identifier
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | Allows observations to be distinguished and referenced.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
20. Observation.identifier.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
22. Observation.identifier.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.identifier.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
24. Observation.identifier.use
Definition | The purpose of this identifier.
Short | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known)
Comments | Applications can assume that an identifier is permanent unless it explicitly says that it is temporary.
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from IdentifierUse (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-use|4.0.1` ) Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
Type | code
Is Modifier | true because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary id for a permanent one.
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Allows the appropriate identifier for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of identifiers.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
26. Observation.identifier.type
Definition | A coded type for the identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.
Short | Description of identifier
Comments | This element deals only with general categories of identifiers. It SHOULD not be used for codes that correspond 1..1 with the Identifier.system. Some identifiers may fall into multiple categories due to common usage. Where the system is known, a type is unnecessary because the type is always part of the system definition. However systems often need to handle identifiers where the system is not known. There is not a 1:1 relationship between type and system, since many different systems have the same type.
Control | 0..1
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from Identifier Type Codes (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/identifier-type|4.0.1` ) A coded type for an identifier that can be used to determine which identifier to use for a specific purpose.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Allows users to make use of identifiers when the identifier system is not known.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
28. Observation.identifier.system
Definition | Establishes the namespace for the value - that is, a URL that describes a set values that are unique.
Short | The namespace for the identifier value
Comments | Identifier.system is always case sensitive.
Control | 0..1
Type | uri
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | There are many sets of identifiers. To perform matching of two identifiers, we need to know what set we're dealing with. The system identifies a particular set of unique identifiers.
Example | General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
30. Observation.identifier.value
Definition | The portion of the identifier typically relevant to the user and which is unique within the context of the system.
Short | The value that is unique
Comments | If the value is a full URI, then the system SHALL be urn:ietf:rfc:3986. The value's primary purpose is computational mapping. As a result, it may be normalized for comparison purposes (e.g. removing non-significant whitespace, dashes, etc.) A value formatted for human display can be conveyed using the Rendered Value extension. Identifier.value is to be treated as case sensitive unless knowledge of the Identifier.system allows the processer to be confident that non-case-sensitive processing is safe.
Control | 1..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Example | General: 123456
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
32. Observation.identifier.period
Definition | Time period during which identifier is/was valid for use.
Short | Time period when id is/was valid for use
Control | 0..1
Type | Period
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
34. Observation.identifier.assigner
Definition | Organization that issued/manages the identifier.
Short | Organization that issued id (may be just text)
Comments | The Identifier.assigner may omit the .reference element and only contain a .display element reflecting the name or other textual information about the assigning organization.
Control | 0..1
Type | Reference(Organization)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
36. Observation.basedOn
Definition | A plan, proposal or order that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this event. For example, a MedicationRequest may require a patient to have laboratory test performed before it is dispensed.
Short | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
Control | 0..*
Type | Reference(CarePlan, DeviceRequest, ImmunizationRecommendation, MedicationRequest, NutritionOrder, ServiceRequest)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Allows tracing of authorization for the event and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon.
Alternate Names | Fulfills
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
38. Observation.partOf
Definition | A larger event of which this particular Observation is a component or step. For example, an observation as part of a procedure.
Short | Part of referenced event
Comments | To link an Observation to an Encounter use `encounter`. See the Notes below for guidance on referencing another Observation.
Control | 0..*
Type | Reference(MedicationAdministration, MedicationDispense, MedicationStatement, Procedure, Immunization, ImagingStudy)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Alternate Names | Container
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
40. Observation.status
Definition | The status of the result value.
Short | registered | preliminary | final | amended +
Comments | This element is labeled as a modifier because the status contains codes that mark the resource as not currently valid.
Control | 1..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationStatus (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-status|4.0.1` ) Codes providing the status of an observation.
Type | code
Is Modifier | true because This element is labeled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource should not be treated as valid
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Need to track the status of individual results. Some results are finalized before the whole report is finalized.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
42. Observation.category
Definition | Type of category
Short | Classification of type of observation
Comments | E.g. vital, physical examination
Control | 1..*
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationCategoryCodes (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-category` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | false
Requirements | Used for filtering what observations are retrieved and displayed.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
44. Observation.code
Definition | Type of test/measurement
Short | Type of observation (code / type)
Comments | E.g., Hb, RBS, CBC
Control | 1..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from LOINCCodes (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation.
Alternate Names | Name
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
46. Observation.subject
Definition | Reference to Patient Profile
Short | Who and/or what the observation is about
Comments | EX: http://mci.mcishr.dghs.gov.bd/api/v1/patients/98002412586
Control | 1..1
Type | Reference(Patient, Group, Device, Location)
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Must Support Types | No must-support rules about the choice of types/profiles
Summary | true
Requirements | Observations have no value if you don't know who or what they're about.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
48. Observation.subject.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
50. Observation.subject.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.subject.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
52. Observation.subject.reference
Definition | A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.
Short | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Comments | Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
Control | 1..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: ref-1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
54. Observation.subject.type
Definition | The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).
Short | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient")
Comments | This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.
Control | 0..1
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from ResourceType (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types|4.0.1` ) Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
Type | uri
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
56. Observation.subject.identifier
Definition | An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.
Short | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
Comments | When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
Note | This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control | 0..1
Type | Identifier
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
58. Observation.subject.display
Definition | Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.
Short | Text alternative for the resource
Comments | This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
Control | 1..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
60. Observation.focus
Definition | The actual focus of an observation when it is not the patient of record representing something or someone associated with the patient such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. For example, fetus observations in a mother's record. The focus of an observation could also be an existing condition, an intervention, the subject's diet, another observation of the subject, or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device. An example use case would be using the Observation resource to capture whether the mother is trained to change her child's tracheostomy tube. In this example, the child is the patient of record and the mother is the focus.
Short | What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
Comments | Typically, an observation is made about the subject - a patient, or group of patients, location, or device - and the distinction between the subject and what is directly measured for an observation is specified in the observation code itself ( e.g., "Blood Glucose") and does not need to be represented separately using this element. Use `specimen` if a reference to a specimen is required. If a code is required instead of a resource use either `bodysite` for bodysites or the standard extension focusCode.
Control | 0..*
Type | Reference(Resource)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
62. Observation.encounter
Definition | Reference to Patient Profile
Short | Healthcare event during which this observation is made
Comments | EX: uuid:34c38499-58ab-41e0-8e94-c3931491ad0e - bundle encounter uuid from local
Control | 1..1
Type | Reference(Encounter)
Is Modifier | false
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Requirements | For some observations it may be important to know the link between an observation and a particular encounter.
Alternate Names | Context
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
64. Observation.encounter.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
66. Observation.encounter.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.encounter.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
68. Observation.encounter.reference
Definition | A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.
Short | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Comments | Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
Control | 1..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: ref-1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Must Support | true
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
70. Observation.encounter.type
Definition | The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).
Short | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient")
Comments | This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.
Control | 0..1
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from ResourceType (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types|4.0.1` ) Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
Type | uri
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
72. Observation.encounter.identifier
Definition | An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.
Short | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
Comments | When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
Note | This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control | 0..1
Type | Identifier
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
74. Observation.encounter.display
Definition | Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.
Short | Text alternative for the resource
Comments | This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
76. Observation.effective[x]
Definition | The time or time-period the observed value is asserted as being true. For biological subjects - e.g. human patients - this is usually called the "physiologically relevant time". This is usually either the time of the procedure or of specimen collection, but very often the source of the date/time is not known, only the date/time itself.
Short | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
Comments | At least a date should be present unless this observation is a historical report. For recording imprecise or "fuzzy" times (For example, a blood glucose measurement taken "after breakfast") use the Timing datatype which allow the measurement to be tied to regular life events.
Control | 0..1
Type | Choice of: dateTime, Period, Timing, instant
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | Knowing when an observation was deemed true is important to its relevance as well as determining trends.
Alternate Names | Occurrence
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
78. Observation.issued
Definition | Date/time result was issued
Short | Date/Time this version was made available
Comments | For Observations that don’t require review and verification, it may be the same as the `lastUpdated` time of the resource itself. For Observations that do require review and verification for certain updates, it might not be the same as the `lastUpdated` time of the resource itself due to a non-clinically significant update that doesn’t require the new version to be reviewed and verified again.
Control | 0..1
Type | instant
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
80. Observation.performer
Definition | Who was responsible for asserting the observed value as "true".
Short | Who is responsible for the observation
Control | 1..*
Type | Reference(Practitioner, PractitionerRole, Organization, CareTeam, Patient, RelatedPerson)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | May give a degree of confidence in the observation and also indicates where follow-up questions should be directed.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
82. Observation.performer.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
84. Observation.performer.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.performer.extension`. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: value @ url
86. Observation.performer.reference
Definition | A reference to a location at which the other resource is found. The reference may be a relative reference, in which case it is relative to the service base URL, or an absolute URL that resolves to the location where the resource is found. The reference may be version specific or not. If the reference is not to a FHIR RESTful server, then it should be assumed to be version specific. Internal fragment references (start with '#') refer to contained resources.
Short | Literal reference, Relative, internal or absolute URL
Comments | Using absolute URLs provides a stable scalable approach suitable for a cloud/web context, while using relative/logical references provides a flexible approach suitable for use when trading across closed eco-system boundaries. Absolute URLs do not need to point to a FHIR RESTful server, though this is the preferred approach. If the URL conforms to the structure "/[type]/[id]" then it should be assumed that the reference is to a FHIR RESTful server.
Control | 1..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: ref-1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
88. Observation.performer.type
Definition | The expected type of the target of the reference. If both Reference.type and Reference.reference are populated and Reference.reference is a FHIR URL, both SHALL be consistent. The type is the Canonical URL of Resource Definition that is the type this reference refers to. References are URLs that are relative to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/ e.g. "Patient" is a reference to http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Patient. Absolute URLs are only allowed for logical models (and can only be used in references in logical models, not resources).
Short | Type the reference refers to (e.g. "Patient")
Comments | This element is used to indicate the type of the target of the reference. This may be used which ever of the other elements are populated (or not). In some cases, the type of the target may be determined by inspection of the reference (e.g. a RESTful URL) or by resolving the target of the reference; if both the type and a reference is provided, the reference SHALL resolve to a resource of the same type as that specified.
Control | 0..1
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from ResourceType (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/resource-types|4.0.1` ) Aa resource (or, for logical models, the URI of the logical model).
Type | uri
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
90. Observation.performer.identifier
Definition | An identifier for the target resource. This is used when there is no way to reference the other resource directly, either because the entity it represents is not available through a FHIR server, or because there is no way for the author of the resource to convert a known identifier to an actual location. There is no requirement that a Reference.identifier point to something that is actually exposed as a FHIR instance, but it SHALL point to a business concept that would be expected to be exposed as a FHIR instance, and that instance would need to be of a FHIR resource type allowed by the reference.
Short | Logical reference, when literal reference is not known
Comments | When an identifier is provided in place of a reference, any system processing the reference will only be able to resolve the identifier to a reference if it understands the business context in which the identifier is used. Sometimes this is global (e.g. a national identifier) but often it is not. For this reason, none of the useful mechanisms described for working with references (e.g. chaining, includes) are possible, nor should servers be expected to be able resolve the reference. Servers may accept an identifier based reference untouched, resolve it, and/or reject it - see CapabilityStatement.rest.resource.referencePolicy. When both an identifier and a literal reference are provided, the literal reference is preferred. Applications processing the resource are allowed - but not required - to check that the identifier matches the literal reference Applications converting a logical reference to a literal reference may choose to leave the logical reference present, or remove it. Reference is intended to point to a structure that can potentially be expressed as a FHIR resource, though there is no need for it to exist as an actual FHIR resource instance - except in as much as an application wishes to actual find the target of the reference. The content referred to be the identifier must meet the logical constraints implied by any limitations on what resource types are permitted for the reference. For example, it would not be legitimate to send the identifier for a drug prescription if the type were Reference(Observation|DiagnosticReport). One of the use-cases for Reference.identifier is the situation where no FHIR representation exists (where the type is Reference (Any).
Note | This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control | 0..1
Type | Identifier
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
92. Observation.performer.display
Definition | Plain text narrative that identifies the resource in addition to the resource reference.
Short | Text alternative for the resource
Comments | This is generally not the same as the Resource.text of the referenced resource. The purpose is to identify what's being referenced, not to fully describe it.
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
94. Observation.value[x]
Definition | Result value (Quantity, string, code, boolean, etc.)
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Choice of: Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
Slicing | This element introduces a set of slices on `Observation.value[x]`. The slices areUnordered and Closed, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators: type @ $this
96. Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity
Slice Name | valueQuantity
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | If numeric, must include UCUM unit
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Quantity
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
98. Observation.value[x]:valueString
Slice Name | valueString
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | string
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
100. Observation.value[x]:valueCodeableConcept
Slice Name | valueCodeableConcept
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | CodeableConcept
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
102. Observation.value[x]:valueBoolean
Slice Name | valueBoolean
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | boolean
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
104. Observation.value[x]:valueInteger
Slice Name | valueInteger
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | integer
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
106. Observation.value[x]:valueRange
Slice Name | valueRange
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Range
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
108. Observation.value[x]:valueRatio
Slice Name | valueRatio
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Ratio
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
110. Observation.value[x]:valueSampledData
Slice Name | valueSampledData
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | SampledData
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
112. Observation.value[x]:valueTime
Slice Name | valueTime
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | time
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
114. Observation.value[x]:valueDateTime
Slice Name | valueDateTime
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | dateTime
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
116. Observation.value[x]:valuePeriod
Slice Name | valuePeriod
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual result
Comments | An observation may have; 1) a single value here, 2) both a value and a set of related or component values, or 3) only a set of related or component values. If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-7
Type | Period
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
118. Observation.dataAbsentReason
Definition | Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.value[x] is missing.
Short | Why the result is missing
Comments | Null or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "specimen unsatisfactory". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Note that an observation may only be reported if there are values to report. For example differential cell counts values may be reported only when > 0. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for null or exceptional values.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-6
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from DataAbsentReason (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason|4.0.1` ) Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
120. Observation.interpretation
Definition | Type of test/measurement
Short | High, low, normal, etc.
Comments | E.g.: High, low, normal, etc
Control | 0..*
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationInterpretationCodes (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result.
Alternate Names | Abnormal Flag
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
122. Observation.note
Definition | Comments about the observation or the results.
Short | Comments about the observation
Comments | May include general statements about the observation, or statements about significant, unexpected or unreliable results values, or information about its source when relevant to its interpretation.
Control | 0..*
Type | Annotation
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Need to be able to provide free text additional information.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
124. Observation.bodySite
Definition | Indicates the site on the subject's body where the observation was made (i.e. the target site).
Short | Observed body part
Comments | Only used if not implicit in code found in Observation.code. In many systems, this may be represented as a related observation instead of an inline component. If the use case requires BodySite to be handled as a separate resource (e.g. to identify and track separately) then use the standard extension bodySite.
Control | 0..1
Binding | For example codes, see SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/body-site|4.0.1` ) Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
126. Observation.method
Definition | Type of observation method
Short | How it was done
Comments | E.g.: Technique, Total measurement
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHALL be taken from ObservationMethods (required to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-methods` )
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | In some cases, method can impact results and is thus used for determining whether results can be compared or determining significance of results.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
128. Observation.specimen
Definition | Specimen used for the observation
Short | Specimen used for this observation
Comments | Optional
Control | 0..1
Type | Reference(Specimen)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
130. Observation.device
Definition | The device used to generate the observation data.
Short | (Measurement) Device
Comments | Note that this is not meant to represent a device involved in the transmission of the result, e.g., a gateway. Such devices may be documented using the Provenance resource where relevant.
Control | 0..1
Type | Reference(Device, DeviceMetric)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
132. Observation.referenceRange
Definition | Normal reference range
Short | Provides guide for interpretation
Comments | Optional
Control | 0..*
Type | BackboneElement
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) obs-3: Must have at least a low or a high or text (`low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()`)
134. Observation.referenceRange.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
136. Observation.referenceRange.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
138. Observation.referenceRange.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
140. Observation.referenceRange.low
Definition | The value of the low bound of the reference range. The low bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g. reference range is >=5 - <=9). If the low bound is omitted, it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is <=2.3).
Short | Low Range, if relevant
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-3
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
142. Observation.referenceRange.high
Definition | The value of the high bound of the reference range. The high bound of the reference range endpoint is inclusive of the value (e.g. reference range is >=5 - <=9). If the high bound is omitted, it is assumed to be meaningless (e.g. reference range is >= 2.3).
Short | High Range, if relevant
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-3
Type | Quantity(SimpleQuantity)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
144. Observation.referenceRange.type
Definition | Codes to indicate the what part of the targeted reference population it applies to. For example, the normal or therapeutic range.
Short | Reference range qualifier
Comments | This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the normal range is assumed.
Control | 0..1
Binding | The codes SHOULD be taken from ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-meaning|4.0.1` ) Code for the meaning of a reference range.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Need to be able to say what kind of reference range this is - normal, recommended, therapeutic, etc., - for proper interpretation.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
146. Observation.referenceRange.appliesTo
Definition | Codes to indicate the target population this reference range applies to. For example, a reference range may be based on the normal population or a particular sex or race. Multiple `appliesTo` are interpreted as an "AND" of the target populations. For example, to represent a target population of African American females, both a code of female and a code for African American would be used.
Short | Reference range population
Comments | This SHOULD be populated if there is more than one range. If this element is not present then the normal population is assumed.
Control | 0..*
Binding | For example codes, see ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/referencerange-appliesto|4.0.1` ) Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Need to be able to identify the target population for proper interpretation.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
148. Observation.referenceRange.age
Definition | The age at which this reference range is applicable. This is a neonatal age (e.g. number of weeks at term) if the meaning says so.
Short | Applicable age range, if relevant
Control | 0..1
Type | Range
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Some analytes vary greatly over age.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
150. Observation.referenceRange.text
Definition | Text based reference range in an observation which may be used when a quantitative range is not appropriate for an observation. An example would be a reference value of "Negative" or a list or table of "normals".
Short | Text based reference range in an observation
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | false
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
152. Observation.hasMember
Definition | This observation is a group observation (e.g. a battery, a panel of tests, a set of vital sign measurements) that includes the target as a member of the group.
Short | Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
Comments | When using this element, an observation will typically have either a value or a set of related resources, although both may be present in some cases. For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see Notes below. Note that a system may calculate results from QuestionnaireResponse into a final score and represent the score as an Observation.
Control | 0..*
Type | Reference(Observation, QuestionnaireResponse, MolecularSequence)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
154. Observation.derivedFrom
Definition | The target resource that represents a measurement from which this observation value is derived. For example, a calculated anion gap or a fetal measurement based on an ultrasound image.
Short | Related measurements the observation is made from
Comments | All the reference choices that are listed in this element can represent clinical observations and other measurements that may be the source for a derived value. The most common reference will be another Observation. For a discussion on the ways Observations can assembled in groups together, see Notes below.
Control | 0..*
Type | Reference(DocumentReference, ImagingStudy, Media, QuestionnaireResponse, Observation, MolecularSequence)
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
156. Observation.component
Definition | Some observations have multiple component observations. These component observations are expressed as separate code value pairs that share the same attributes. Examples include systolic and diastolic component observations for blood pressure measurement and multiple component observations for genetics observations.
Short | Component results
Comments | For a discussion on the ways Observations can be assembled in groups together see Notes below.
Control | 0..*
Type | BackboneElement
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Component observations share the same attributes in the Observation resource as the primary observation and are always treated a part of a single observation (they are not separable). However, the reference range for the primary observation value is not inherited by the component values and is required when appropriate for each component observation.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
158. Observation.component.id
Definition | Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.
Short | Unique id for inter-element referencing
Control | 0..1
Type | string
Is Modifier | false
XML Format | In the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
Summary | false
160. Observation.component.extension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.
Short | Additional content defined by implementations
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Alternate Names | extensions, user content
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
162. Observation.component.modifierExtension
Definition | May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions. Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).
Short | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
Comments | There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.
Control | 0..*
Type | Extension
Is Modifier | true because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
Summary | true
Requirements | Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.
Alternate Names | extensions, user content, modifiers
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`) ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (`extension.exists() != value.exists()`)
164. Observation.component.code
Definition | Describes what was observed. Sometimes this is called the observation "code".
Short | Type of component observation (code / type)
Comments | All code-value and component.code-component.value pairs need to be taken into account to correctly understand the meaning of the observation.
Control | 1..1
Binding | For example codes, see LOINCCodes (example to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-codes|4.0.1` ) Codes identifying names of simple observations.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | true
Requirements | Knowing what kind of observation is being made is essential to understanding the observation.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
166. Observation.component.value[x]
Definition | The information determined as a result of making the observation, if the information has a simple value.
Short | Actual component result
Comments | Used when observation has a set of component observations. An observation may have both a value (e.g. an Apgar score) and component observations (the observations from which the Apgar score was derived). If a value is present, the datatype for this element should be determined by Observation.code. A CodeableConcept with just a text would be used instead of a string if the field was usually coded, or if the type associated with the Observation.code defines a coded value. For additional guidance, see the Notes section below.
Control | 0..1
Type | Choice of: Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period
[x] Note | SeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
Is Modifier | false
Primitive Value | This primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summary | true
Requirements | An observation exists to have a value, though it might not if it is in error, or if it represents a group of observations.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
168. Observation.component.dataAbsentReason
Definition | Provides a reason why the expected value in the element Observation.component.value[x] is missing.
Short | Why the component result is missing
Comments | "Null" or exceptional values can be represented two ways in FHIR Observations. One way is to simply include them in the value set and represent the exceptions in the value. For example, measurement values for a serology test could be "detected", "not detected", "inconclusive", or "test not done". The alternate way is to use the value element for actual observations and use the explicit dataAbsentReason element to record exceptional values. For example, the dataAbsentReason code "error" could be used when the measurement was not completed. Because of these options, use-case agreements are required to interpret general observations for exceptional values.
Control | 0..1 This element is affected by the following invariants: obs-6
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from DataAbsentReason (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/data-absent-reason|4.0.1` ) Codes specifying why the result (`Observation.value[x]`) is missing.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | For many results it is necessary to handle exceptional values in measurements.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
170. Observation.component.interpretation
Definition | A categorical assessment of an observation value. For example, high, low, normal.
Short | High, low, normal, etc.
Comments | Historically used for laboratory results (known as 'abnormal flag' ), its use extends to other use cases where coded interpretations are relevant. Often reported as one or more simple compact codes this element is often placed adjacent to the result value in reports and flow sheets to signal the meaning/normalcy status of the result.
Control | 0..*
Binding | Unless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible to `http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/observation-interpretation|4.0.1` ) Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
Type | CodeableConcept
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | For some results, particularly numeric results, an interpretation is necessary to fully understand the significance of a result.
Alternate Names | Abnormal Flag
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)
172. Observation.component.referenceRange
Definition | Guidance on how to interpret the value by comparison to a normal or recommended range.
Short | Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Comments | Most observations only have one generic reference range. Systems MAY choose to restrict to only supplying the relevant reference range based on knowledge about the patient (e.g., specific to the patient's age, gender, weight and other factors), but this might not be possible or appropriate. Whenever more than one reference range is supplied, the differences between them SHOULD be provided in the reference range and/or age properties.
Control | 0..*
Type | Seettp://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/Observation#Observation.referenceRange
Is Modifier | false
Summary | false
Requirements | Knowing what values are considered "normal" can help evaluate the significance of a particular result. Need to be able to provide multiple reference ranges for different contexts.
Invariants | ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (`hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`)